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Multimedia presentations can be inaccessible to people who are unable to hear the audio content. The solution is to provide captions, a text version of the audio content that is synchronized with the multimedia presentation.

The technical standards and specifications for captioning video are well established and documented. For additional information relevant to online multimedia, consult the AccessIT Knowledge Base article What is the difference between SMIL and SAMI?

The standards for the style of captions are less clearly defined, although a variety of guidelines have been developed. The following are a few of the more prominent examples.

The most comprehensive resource is (in PDF; requires the free ), developed by the (CMP) at the National Association of the Deaf. This document provides extensive detail and practical examples regarding text style; caption placement; line division; presentation rate; language mechanics, including grammar, punctuation, and quotation marks; and a wide variety of special considerations, such as when and how to caption sound effects, when and how to caption music, how to caption foreign language or dialect, and how to caption numbers.

The is a public version of WGBH's internal reference manual and covers many of the same issues covered by the CMP guidelines, although in considerably less detail. WGBH has been involved in captioning for over thirty years, and their FAQ draws on this experience.

The National Center on Accessible Media, another WGBH group, credits the guidelines contained within the Captioning FAQ but offers as addenda eight general conventions for captions, as well as six conventions for math notation and four timing conventions. The addenda are contained within of the document .

For more information about what to consider when making a video that is accessible to all viewers view the video Making Videos Accessible.Ìý

As educational entities prepare to caption video content, consulting these references can help ensure consistency and high quality.